In today's class, it a bit unique as Dr Rosseni used Wordpress as the material for teaching, which I found it fascinating. Dr explained about planning, analysis and strategy development process for media. There are few subtopics being highlighted throughout the class. The first one is planning for developing media. There are four main points which are design, development, testing and evaluation.
First and foremost, as future teachers, we have to know our target audience and content in order to plan for developing media. Then, after we have locked our target audience, we can start designing according to the data collected. After that, once it has been developed, test it to the target audience to see whether it is useful or not. Once it has been tested, evaluate the design formative and summative. Next, I have learned about the process of meaningful learning outcomes. Based on the picture below, it explained the process, which includes – active (manipulative), constructive (articulative), cooperative (collaborative) and aim (reflective). It is really salient in order to create a meaningful learning for the students.
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Dr Fatimah brief us in today's lesson on an Instructional Design Model. In order to allow learners to understand easily and retain information for a long time, the Instructional Design Model was introduced as a tool that plays as a guideline to create instructional materials. Besides, it helps designers and developers to envision training needs and break down the process of designing training material into steps to meet learning goals and expectations. We as an educator are encouraged to use this for the structured method of instructional design as it saves time and allows designer and developers to save money as it prevents them from designing learning and supporting software for issues that do not require training. Until starting the process of creating a product, it is also easier to fill the holes in the content using this template. There are various types of instructional designed models that are applied over the years, such as ADDIE, SAM, Dick and Carey, Instructional Design System (IDS) and several others. ADDIE model is the most frequently used by people. What is the ADDIE model? It stands for A – Analysis, D – Design, D – Development, I – Implementation and E – Evaluation. Analysis Phase Designer or developer have to and come out with the goals and the objectives by taking into account the learner's existing knowledge plus learning environment. Design Phase All the data gathered in the analysis phase will be interpreted into prototype systematically and specific. It includes learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection. Development Phase During this phase, the information that has been collected is organized to produce a more significant outcome. Implementation Phase In this phase, the procedure for training is needed, especially for the facilitators and the learners. Apart from that, in this phase, books, hands-on equipment, CD-ROMs and tools are also in place. Evaluation Phase This phase is divided into two, which are formative and summative. Formative evaluation is compulsory in each and one of the stages in the process of ADDIE. Whereas summative assessment consists of tests that have been designed based on criterion-related referenced items. On top of that, it also provides opportunities for users to give and receive feedback. When I first knew that we are going to learn learning theories, I ponder and start to question what was the relation to technology. There are four learning theories in education that are important, behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism and connectivism.
Behaviourism or otherwise known as behavioural psychology can be defined as a hypothesis of learning based on the possibility that all practices are obtained through conditioning. It also emphasized the positive and negative reinforcement. Next is cognitivism which was introduced by John Sweller. In this theory, he emphasized on rational thinking, which includes short term memory and long term memory. After that, constructivism in which Jean Piaget and John Dewey had stated that people would construct their knowledge through experience. For example, when a child sees a dog with four legs, even when he/she see a cat, he/she will call it as a dog. The last learning theory is connectivism which focused more on the technology in line with 21st-century learning. It was firstly introduced by George Seamen and his partner. |
AuthorMuhd Ainol Syafiq Zakaria / MY Archives
December 2019
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